2009: Russian and Ukrainian gas pipelines
- January: Russia halts natural gas supplies to Ukraine over unpaid debts and pricing disputes, disrupting Europe’s energy supply during a harsh winter.
- February: A tense standoff ensues, with Europe mediating as nations struggle with shortages, exposing reliance on Russian gas and Ukraine's strategic role.
- February: A deal restores gas flow, but the crisis highlights deep Russia-Ukraine tensions and Europe’s energy vulnerability, prompting calls for diversification.
